![]() ![]() Fredø HL, Rizvi SA, Lied B, Rønning P, Helseth E. Spectrum of imaging findings in hyperextension injuries of the neck. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon Imaging evaluation of adult spinal injuries: emphasis on multidetector CT in cervical spine trauma. atlantooccipital dislocations (shearing).anterior subluxation (hyperflexion sprain).The four major mechanisms are flexion, extension, rotational and shearing, each associated with certain fracture patterns 3,4: These include more horizontal orientation of the facet joints in children, underdeveloped uncovertebral joints, mild physiological anterior wedging of the vertebral bodies, and incomplete ossification of the odontoid process. The fulcrum of movement is different in children than adults, C2/3 compared to C5/6, respectively hence, in children, cervical fractures are more common in upper vertebrae. There are also other anatomical differences of the cervical spine between children and adults which are worth bearing in mind while interpreting pediatric studies. more than one vertebral column involvement ref required.increased or reduced intervertebral disc space height.There are many types of cervical spine fracture, some of which are unstable general indicators of instability include 9: C2 (~30%) and C7 (~20%) are the most commonly fractured levels 7. The cervical spine is susceptible to injury because it is highly mobile with relatively small vertebral bodies and supports the head which is both heavy and acts as a lever. blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) especially in high cervical fractures, those associated with subluxation and fractures involving the transverse foramen.AssociationsĪssociated injuries are present in ~67% of patients 7: ![]() Falls, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrian accidents, cycling and diving are common causes of injury 6,7. Males are affected more commonly than females with a median age of injury of 56 years. Over rotation of more than 45° would cause one pedicle to be foreshortened while the other pedicle aligns to the midline of the vertebral bodies 2.Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading. If underrotated, the foramina will be narrowed and a sternoclavicular joint would be superimposed over the vertebral column 3. To demonstrate the intervertebral foramen of the c-spine open, it is necessary to achieve adequate rotation of the vertebral column, usually at 45°. using a larger source-to-image-distance will decrease the magnification of the image and improves acuity 2.make sure that any removable artefacts such as earrings, glasses, tongue piercings or metal dentures are removed to avoid obscuring the anatomy of interest.intervertebral foramina of the side positioned closer to the image receptor should be demonstrated open 4.To ensure this ensure that the interpupillary line is perpendicular to the image receptor but also parallel to the floor ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |